LRRK2 and Parkinson disease: TPCs are lysosomal ion channels involved in Ca2+ signal transduction.[69] They can be activated by LRRK2 and regulate autophagy through lysosomal Ca2+-mediated events.[70] Mutations of LRRK2 can lead to advanced PD, and its overexpression can activate TPC2, resulting in substantial mobilization of lysosomal Ca2+ and subsequent efflux of [Ca2+]ER.