Hence, the aims of this study is to validate EGFR and PD-L1 as specific biomarkers for OSCC and develop multispectral Nimotuzumab-ICG and Atezolizumab-Cy5.5 fluorescence imaging probes to quantify the dynamic expression of dual-target EGFR and PD-L1 from preclinical in vitro human OSCC cell lines, in vivo OSCC orthotopic mouse models, to clinical OSCC patient tumor specimens, and topical application as mouthwash in OSCC patients. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.