Indeed, OPG upregulation promoted the pro-metastatic processes EMT and stemness in the non-carcinogenic (MCF-10A) and luminal breast cancer (T-47D, MCF-7) cells, through upregulating the mesenchymal (N-cadherin, SNAIL and ZEB1) and stemness (CD44, ALDH1, Nanog, Klf-4 and Sox2) markers. Here, CD44 is linked to breast cancer.