Mutations in driver genes such as adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), tumor-suppressor protein 53 (TP53), Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit-alpha (PIK3CA), and B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) have been implicated in the development of CRC.16 This evidence concerns the gene APC and colorectal carcinoma.