For the PP analysis, we additionally excluded data of children who 1) had signs of inflammation/infection (CRP >5 mg/L) at baseline (n = 4), 2) consumed <50% of the administered test FUF volume due to preferring to drink breastmilk (n = 5, control; n = 4 synbiotic; n = 2, 2′FL), 3) vomited within 2 h of test FUF consumption (n = 1 synbiotic; n = 2, 2′FL), or 4) fasted <2 h before administration (n = 1, control). This evidence concerns the gene CRP and infection.