Additionally, we explore the evolving evidence for the optimal treatment of earlier-stage, non–metastatic ROS1+ NSCLC, while, in parallel, highlighting future research directions with the goal of continuing to build on the tremendous progress in the management of ROS1+ NSCLC and ultimately improving the longevity and well-being of people living with this disease. This evidence concerns the gene ROS1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.