Based on previous studies reporting that TREX1 degrades cytoplasmic DNA and inhibits autoimmune diseases (30, 31), we hypothesized that adaptive resistance to chemotherapy (and possibly chemoimmunotherapy) could involve TREX1 induction as a means of suppressing innate immune activation due to accumulation of dsDNA or other forms of chemotherapy-induced DNA damage. The gene discussed is TREX1; the disease is autoimmune disease.