In addition, during the acute phase of colitis caused by DSS, serum from C57BL/6J mice exhibits a cytokine expression pattern characterized by TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6 from M1 macrophages/Th1 cells and IL-17 from Th17 cells similar to the expression pattern found in colon (24, 25). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is colitis.