The same group also showed that TNF-α-primed cADSCs ameliorated colitis by promoting the polarization of M2 macrophages in mice with DSS-induced colitis via the hypersecretion of PGE2 and TNF-α-stimulated gene/protein 6 (TSG-6) (22), and that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from cADSCs primed with TNF-α and IFN-γ effectively suppressed colitis by inducing Treg cells and M2 macrophages (23). Here, TNFAIP6 is linked to colitis.