Studies have reported associations between IMP3 and serous carcinoma (SC) and high-grade tumors, including the first study by Li et al.,(22) and later studies by Zheng et al.(23) and Mhawech-Fauceglia et al.(24) These authors found that IMP3 was the most effective biomarker for distinguishing between SC and EEC, when compared with other biomarkers such as B-catenin, TP53, and PTEN. Here, IMP3 is linked to exstrophy-epispadias complex.