The TNBC microenvironment (TME) includes tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with CD3+ T and CD20+ B lymphocytes, CD38+/CD138+ plasma cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), natural killer (NK) cells and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs). Here, CD38 is linked to cancer.