While some studies show an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, others suggest that ERβ expression may promote cancer development.111, –113 However, initial investigations suggest that ER-β signalling appears to have a tumour-suppressive role in RCC114 characterized by anti-proliferative functions, inhibition of migration, suppression of invasion and enhancement of apoptosis.54,67,103. The gene discussed is ESR2; the disease is neoplasm.