Targeting this pathway with anti-oestrogens or TGF-β receptor inhibitors effectively reduced RCC tumour growth and invasion.68 ER-β was also found to regulate Angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT-2)in RCC cells through oestrogen response elements (EREs) on the ANGPT-2 promoter. This evidence concerns the gene ESR2 and renal cell adenocarcinoma.