MiRNA-143-3p, identified as a tumour suppressor, is frequently down-regulated in various cancers, including RCC.147, , –150 Its decreased expression has been associated with the promotion of RCC cell invasion, migration and proliferation through downstream signalling molecules, including AKT, MMP-13, K-RAS and P-ERK. The gene discussed is KRAS; the disease is renal cell carcinoma.