We chose to focus on a functional test IL-1 receptors based on reports of increases in IL-1α and IL-1β in human brain tissues from patients with epilepsy, significant increases in IL-1α and IL-1β elicited by repeated seizures in our model (Figures 1D–I; Supplementary Tables S1–S3), and data from single-nucleus RNA sequencing experiments showing activation of IL-1 receptor signaling within brainstem microglial cell populations via pathway analyses (unpublished observations). This evidence concerns the gene IL1A and epilepsy.