Phosphorylation of Y36 that is increased by the agonists 17β-estradiol, diarylpropionitrile (DPN) and S-equol is required for recruitment of ERβ co-activators to the promoters of target genes and causes inhibition of ERα-induced cancer cell growth in vitro and in xenografts [32,33]. The gene discussed is ESR2; the disease is cancer.