For instance, exosomes containing lengthynoncoding small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs) have been shown toalter the efficacy of trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer celllines resistant to trastuzumab treatment.59,60 Similarly, ovarian cancer patients exhibiting exosomal DNMT1 transcriptshave demonstrated resistance to cisplatin chemotherapy61 (Figure 4). This evidence concerns the gene DNMT1 and ovarian cancer.