In a study by Xu et al. involving clinically amyopathic DM-associated ILD patients with positive anti-MDA5 antibodies, the presence of anti-Ro-52 antibodies increased the risk of RP-ILD, and those with both anti-MDA5 and anti-Ro-52 antibodies had a significantly lower survival rate than those with mild anti-MDA5 positivity alone [53]. Here, TRIM21 is linked to dermatomyositis.