INS and Insulin resistance: Fasting insulin-increasing alleles that were also associated with higher fasting glucose (indicative of insulin resistance) were associated with lower relative childhood adiposity (β = −0.066 category per logn pmol/L; P = 3.8 × 10−3) and lower adult BMI (β = −0.819 Kg/m2 per logn pmol/L; P = 1.4 × 10−5) (Fig. 2 and Supplementary Table 4).