LPL and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: For CLL, MM, and LPL this assumption aligns with previous observations as disease precursors such as monoclonal B-lymphocytosis and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (both IgM and non-IgM) can be demonstrated decades prior to overt malignancy have been associated with an increased risk of infections [9, 25–27].