ACHE and Alzheimer disease: AChE inhibitors (AChEIs), like donepezil (4), rivastigmine (5), and galantamine (6), which are approved over two decades ago, remain the mainstay of AD treatment in clinical management.109 Despite these advancements, the limited efficacy and side effects of such drugs, coupled with the presence of non-cholinergic groups in AD,99 and non-specificity in these pathological features,94 challenge the cholinergic hypothesis to fully explain the complex of AD pathology.