Brain-derived tau proteins may activate the inflammatory response in microglia via the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.251 Research by Ising et al. suggests that tau proteins can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, which then promotes excessive tau phosphorylation and aggregation by affecting specific tau kinases and phosphatases.252 These findings reveal the complex interplay between inflammatory responses and tau pathology, providing a more comprehensive understanding of AD’s molecular mechanisms. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.