Aβ plays a crucial role in mitochondrial dysfunction by reducing the activities of key enzymes and disrupting the dynamics of mitochondria.192,196 Oxidative stress presented in the early stages of AD acts as a crosstalk between different hypotheses of AD.197 For example, oxidative stress modulates the process of APP and the activity of secretases, thereby promoting the amyloid pathway. This evidence concerns the gene APP and Alzheimer disease.