APOE and Cognitive impairment: Because participants at higher risk of AD may be more vulnerable to frailty or weight loss,5,17 higher BMI in female APOE4 carriers may signal healthy fat/muscle and preserved brain health37 while lower BMI could indicate preclinical neurodegeneration.17 However, our results were consistent after excluding participants with a dementia diagnosis and MMSE scores indicative of cognitive impairments.