TP53 and lung carcinoma: Analyzing the five genes that were identified as affecting survival outcomes (Table 2), we observed that these genes—with the exception of TP53—were mostly mutually exclusive and enriched in their hallmark tumor types (Fig. 2C and D) as reported in the literature (i.e., APC mutations in colorectal cancer; KRAS mutations in colorectal, lung, and pancreas; and EGFR and STK11 mutations in lung cancer; refs. 27–29).