Several studies have shown that butyrate can inhibit the secretion of inflammatory factors such as IL-12 and TNF-α through several signaling pathways such as NF-κB, and most studies have concluded that the proportion of thick-walled bacterial phylum in the intestines of patients with ITP is on the decline, which is consistent with the pathogenesis of ITP. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura.