TNF and gastritis: Tong et al. (2021) reported that ZJP intervention significantly reduced the levels of G-17 and the inflammatory factors IL-8, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β; inhibited the expression of TGF-β1, PI3K and its downstream signals p-Akt, p-mTOR, and P70S6K; and promoted the expression of PTEN, LC3-II and Beclin-1. Hayashi et al. (2012) reported that IL-17 could promote the colonization of Helicobacter pylori and promote the occurrence of an inflammatory response in chronic atrophic gastritis patients.