The use of Doxorubicin also had effects on AF in different directions, reducing the risk of AF by circulatory inhibition of SMAD4 (score:95.60) and activation of ASAH1 (score:94.57) and reducing the risk of AF by inhibition of PSMD2(score:94.04) via the bloodstream and atrial appendage tissue, and by activation of MLST8 (score:90.99) via the bloodstream increasing the risk of AF (Supplementary Table S10). Here, SMAD4 is linked to atrial fibrillation.