As a cytoplasmic DNA receptor, cGAS can be activated by DNA and/or Mn2+ to synthesize the second messenger 2′3′-cGAMP using ATP and GTP, which further activates STING and induces the production of type I interferons and other cytokines, thereby eliciting tumor immune responses (Chen and Xu, 2023). Here, STING1 is linked to neoplasm.