ALDH1A3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: found that TAMs augment the aerobic glycolysis in HCC cells and their proliferation by the extracellular exosome transmission of a myeloid-derived lncRNA, M2 macrophage polarization-associated lncRNA (lncMMPA), which could not only polarize M2 macrophage but also act as a microRNA (miRNA) sponge to interact with miR-548 and increase the mRNA level of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A3 (ALDH1A3) (49).