SPP1 and neoplasm: Findings elucidated an elevated presence of CD137, ACTIVIN, CD40, IL10, BAFF, IL16, EGF, and VEGF signaling pathways in normal group (red), in contrast to an augmented prevalence of kIT, IL2, WNT, TGFb, CCL, GRN, MIF, TNF, CSF, and SPP1 signaling pathways within the tumor group (green) (Figure 7K).