As illustrated in Fig. 6A, PBMC-derived CD4+ T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), Sjögren's syndrome (SjS), ulcerative colitis (UC), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) showed lower TNFSF8 expression levels than those from the control groups (Fig. 6A). Here, CD4 is linked to ulcerative colitis.