GSDMD and osteoporosis: In this study, we pioneered in vivo and in vitro to elucidate that CS exposure contributes to osteoporosis by inducing pyroptosis and subsequent inflammatory responses, as evidenced by a significant increase in the expression of NLPR3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, and IL-1β in the bone marrow of CS-exposed mouse and in CSE-treated BMSCs.