Moreover, under oxidative stress conditions, 200 μg/mL of PKS significantly reduced lipofuscin fluorescence intensity (P < 0.001) (Fig. 3B–C) and increased the expression levels of anti-oxidant-related genes gst-4 and sod-3 (P < 0.001, P < 0.05) (Fig. 3D). Here, SOD3 is linked to tetrasomy 12p.