INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Currently, the most promising therapies for T2DM include 3 pharmacological groups: (i) insulin-sensitizing agents such as metformin and peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists; (ii) insulin mimetic molecules such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and (iii) insulin secretagogues analogues.