TGFB1 and neoplasm: ,51 These outcomes include various functions: (1) deprivation of essential amino acids for T cell proliferation and anti-tumor responses, (2) nitration of TCR and chemokines necessary for T cell trafficking and infiltration into tumor sites, (3) a reduction in the expression of the TCR-ζ chain, consequently inhibiting TCR-antigen recognition, and (4) upregulated expression of immunosuppressive cytokines such as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and IL-10.52