Technological progress in the field of molecular biology and genomics has been a driver that has led to the creation of new diagnostic and therapeutic agents like cetuximab (targeting EGFR), as well as nivolumab and pembrolizumab (both blocking PD-1/PD-L1 pathways), with pembrolizumab being particularly effective for treating cancers with a high level of microsatellite instability(MSI-H) OSCC [16, 17]. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and cancer.