The functional enrichment analysis showed several Gene Ontology (GO) terms that overlapped with the UKB cohort, such as MHC protein complex assembly and MHC class II receptor activity, as well as overlaps with numerous Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways related to various diseases, such as type I diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and IBD in Clusters 1–2 (Supplementary Fig. S11). Here, HLA-C is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.