Both ICAM-1 and FGG expression were negatively correlated with OS rate not only in NSCLC patients (Fig. 1D and Supplementary Fig. S5A) but also in a group of patients across several cancer types including colorectal, pancreatic and renal cancers (Supplementary Fig. S5B) [58], indicating that a subset of human malignancies may experience the heightened ICAM-1–FGG signaling. Here, FGG is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.