Of note, altered GAP43 levels have been found in mouse models and patients with various neuropsychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia (Weickert, 2001), bipolar disorder (Tian et al., 2007), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; Almeida et al., 2023), and cortical dysplasia-associated seizures (Nemes et al., 2017). Here, GAP43 is linked to attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.