P4HB and cancer: In the presence of surface-expressed TF, the negatively charged PS stimulates formation of the procoagulant tenase and prothrombinase complexes, thus accelerating coagulation.95Additionally, TF decryption requires the formation of intracellular disulfide bonds between Cys186and Cys209as mediated by protein disulfide isomerase (PDI).96Since PDI is present on EV surfaces, this may induce formation of procoagulant TF-positive EVs.97However, the exact role of PDI-mediated TF decryption in cancer-associated thrombosis remains to be determined.98, 99