TF and glioblastoma: While decrypted TF directly contributes to VTE, cryptic TF induces tumor progression through TF-mediated PAR2 signaling, which indirectly may increase hypercoagulability through expression of VEGF and IL-8.75, 76Thus, both forms of TF may increase the risk of VTE, especially in high-risk cancers such as glioblastoma.