Over the last two decades, drugs that target specific components of the immune system became standard of care for induction and maintenance of remission in IBD, such as TNF-alpha inhibitors (e.g., infliximab), integrin receptor antagonists like vedolizumab (α4β7-integrin inhibitor) and inhibitors of IL-12/IL-23 (e.g., ustekinumab). Here, TNF is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.