Through two-sample MR analysis, we observed an association between SGLT2 inhibition and a reduced risk of T2DM [OR = 0.66 (95% CI 0.53, 0.82), P = 1.57 × 10−4], prostate cancer [0.34 (0.23, 0.49), P = 2.21 × 10−8] and PSA [0.26 (0.08, 0.81), P = 2.07 × 10−2], for per 1 SD lowering of HbA1c via SGLT2 inhibition (Figure 2). Here, KLK3 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.