Genetically predicted SGLT2 inhibition (per 1 SD decrement in HbA1c) was associated with reduced risk of T2DM [odds ratio (OR) = 0.66 (95% CI 0.53, 0.82), P = 1.57 × 10−4]; prostate cancer [0.34 (0.23, 0.49), P = 2.21 × 10−8] and prostate-specific antigen [0.26 (0.08, 0.81), P = 2.07 × 10−2]. Here, KLK3 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.