CD274 and neoplasm: RT produces both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects: by releasing TAAs, stimulating inflammatory cytokines, promoting dendritic cells maturation and preparing antigen presentation to T and NK cells by the immune host system, it makes the tumor an in situ vaccine, while, by damaging leukocytes situated in the tumor, stimulating other anti-inflammatory cytokines and attracting CAFs/TAMs/MDSCs/Treg, it can create a radioresistant state in tumors and upregulate PD-L1.