PKM and non-small cell lung carcinoma: On the one hand, studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum chaperone binding proteins can mediate extracellular PKM2 to promote the migration and invasion of NSCLC (Zhang et al., 2022), On the other hand, activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway can significantly inhibit NSCLC cell viability and promote cell apoptosis (Hsu et al., 2017), This may depend on the pathway, intensity, and duration of endoplasmic reticulum stress activation.