TGFB1 and Hyperglycemia: When PTEN undergoes polyubiquitination at lysine 80 through MEX3C-mediated K27 linkage, it exhibits a pro-inflammatory effect by promoting the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β), thereby exacerbating hyperglycemia-induced EMT (102).