Building on these findings our study explores the effects of IGF blockade on the TME at a more mechanistic level providing convincing data to show that inhibition of the IGF signalling axis promotes CD8+ T cell recruitment to PDAC tumours, at least in part through increased CXCL9/10 production by tumour associated macrophages and fibroblasts (Figure 6). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.