We then analysed the transcriptional expression of a panel of cytokines and chemokines known to regulate T cell survival, function or chemoattraction including: Il10, Tgfb, Il6, Tnfa, Cxcl9, Cxcl10 and Cxcl12 (52–64); and extracellular matrix (ECM) components including: Col1a1, Col1a2 and Fn1 in CAFs known to affect T cell infiltration into the tumour milieu (6, 20, 65–67)), in response to treatment with IGF-blocking antibody. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.