The development of specific antibodies against the programmed death (PD1) receptor, its ligand PD-L1 (programmed death ligand-1), and the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) receptor in first- or second-line therapeutic strategies for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer has led to an unprecedented prolongation of patient survival in the last decade (109). Here, CTLA4 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.