The peak change in HR (Fig. 2C) did not change following insulin microinjections in the T2DM rats (Pre: 12 ± 6 beats/min, 1 h: 11 ± 8 beats/min, 2 h: 10 ± 7 in control vs. Pre: 15 ± 8 beats/min, 1 h: 11 ± 7 beats/min, 2 h: 10 ± 7 in T2DM). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.