Below are the limitations of current studies and potential directions for future research:Inadequate mechanistic exploration (a) Macrophage polarization: While geniposide has been shown to modulate macrophage polarization through regulating expressions like CXCL14, ultimately improving atherosclerosis, a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways remains crucial. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL14 and atherosclerosis.