By contrast, AT9283 resulted less effective in primary colonocytes (CCD-18CO) than in CRC lines (Fig. 1C), with no significant effects on MKK3 protein (phospho and total) levels, p62/SQSTM1 autophagic markers or the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway (Fig. 1D). This evidence concerns the gene SQSTM1 and colorectal carcinoma.