According to results with CRC lines, also with selected CRC-PDOs, the DOX-induced MKK3 depletion (Fig. 6B): i) inhibited significantly the proliferation and survival in all the tested CRC-PDOs (Fig. 6B, upper panels); ii) induced autophagy; iii) inhibited the AKT/mTOR and the AURKA signalling pathways (Fig. 6B, lower panels). Here, AKT1 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.