KRAS and cancer: Among these, codon 12 exhibits the highest mutation frequency, accounting for nearly 90% of all KRAS mutations, with the G12D mutation being the most prevalent (29.19%), followed by G12V (22.97%) and G12C (13.43%).6–8 Notably, the specific activating alleles of KRAS vary considerably across different cancer types, suggesting potential variations in the signaling characteristics of the mutant proteins within distinct cellular environments.