KRAS and neoplasm: Restoring TTP activity lowers PD-L1 expression, boosting the anti-tumor immune response.251 STAT3, activated by heightened IL-6, drives this regulation, enhancing the interplay between PD-1 and PD-L1, facilitating immune evasion.216 The increase in PD-1/PD-L1 expression due to oncogenic KRAS activation was also observed in pancreatic cancer.252 However, in colorectal cancer, KRAS mutations are associated to low PD-L1 expression.253,254 PD-L1, though, is not the sole checkpoint affected by KRAS.