Indeed, the role of TGF-β in inducing the differentiation to CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs in pancreatic cancer cells is also confirmed by the blockade of the molecule or its receptor.243 Also in pancreatic models, GM-CSF induces Treg expansion at early metastasis.229 Notably, eliminating Tregs in mutant KRAS transgenic mice results in fewer lung tumors, underscoring their role in lung tumorigenesis.242. Here, KRAS is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.