The former facilitates the efflux of CD3+ T cells, B cells, and NK cells, while CCL9 orchestrates the recruitment of immunosuppressive macrophages, also inducing PD-L1 expression.30,213,216,335,336 This leads to T cell exhaustion and expulsion, promoting angiogenesis via VEGF released by macrophages.213 The importance of IL-23 and CCL9 is eloquently demonstrated by their simultaneous blockade, leading to an efficient reversal of all MYC-induced stromal changes and substantial tumor shrinkage.30,213. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.