TFEB and osteoporosis: As the only tissue where bone and fat coexist in the same microenvironment, the bone marrow offers a unique window into the investigation of molecular events governing the lineage commitment of BMSCs.6 Considering that CXM102 promoted the nuclear translocation of TFEB, autophagy and preferential osteogenesis of aged hBMSCs in vitro, the in vivo anti-osteoporosis effects could be reasonably explained by the lineage shift of aged BMSCs conducted by CXM102, which was consistent with reduced marrow adipocytes, increased osteoblasts and autophagy activities (Fig. 6).