PDCD1 and neoplasm: Importantly, we observed an increased density of CD8+ and PD1+CD8+ T cells in tumor nests from pTME samples from patients receiving NACT as compared to their NACT-naïve counterparts, as well as compared to mTME samples, in which CD8+ and PD1+CD8+ T cells predominantly localized to the tumor stroma (Fig. 4B).