PPARG and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Guo et al. (2013) demonstrated that puerarin effectively upregulates PPARγ expression and alleviates liver tissue fibrosis in a model of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. Mahmoud et al. discovered that hesperidin can effectively upregulate PPARγ expression, thereby preventing liver injury (Pu et al., 2021). Our findings revealed a significant increase in PPARγ expression following CEL or COT extract administration compared to a NALFD model (Figures 5, 8), indicating potential beneficial effects that may shed new light on NAFLD.